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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD and can increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals. They cannot cure the disorder and only treat symptoms if used regularly. The side effects of ADHD medication could include an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, upset stomach as well as anxiety and tics. Certain teens and children who take stimulant drugs have a slight decrease in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and the most commonly prescribed drug to treat ADHD. It is available in various forms, such as chewable tablets with liquid as well as an oral disintegrating tablet that performs long and has an extended release. The drug works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps to enhance concentration. It may also reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. When used in conjunction with other treatments such as behavioral therapy, methylphenidate may be a very effective treatment for ADHD. Methylphenidate works by blocking the transporters that remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The medication can cause a slight increase in heart rate and blood pressure. People with diabetes should also be aware of this medication as it could cause an abrupt rise in blood sugar. Talk to your doctor in the event that you notice any of these signs. Methylphenidate can also trigger Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness in the feet and fingers. This is an uncommon side effect, however it is essential to inform your doctor if you are experiencing these symptoms. There is a concerns that methylphenidate can slow children's growth, however it hasn't been proven to be the case. If your child is taking methylphenidate ensure that you keep an eye on their weight and height. If your child takes a tablet containing methylphenidate, the phenylalanine in it could be harmful to children with phenylketonuria. If you suffer from PKU, consult your physician about other formulations of methylphenidate. Stimulants are considered the first-choice treatment for ADHD However, some individuals have issues with these medications. In these instances, doctors may prescribe other medications that function similarly. Besides methylphenidate, there are other stimulants such as dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine. These are more powerful than methylphenidate and may last longer. They are typically taken twice to three times per day however some people may take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however, they are less effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a nonstimulant ADHD drug that increases concentration, while decreasing the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It belongs to a category known as selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It is a drug that increases levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical messengers which regulate brain activity. It is a favorite option for adults and children who want a different type of medication from stimulants like Adderall and Vyvanse. It is important to remember that atomoxetine is not effective immediately, and it may take up to six weeks for the effects of the drug to be apparent. There are also adverse effects like drowsiness and nausea. For most patients the benefits of taking atomoxetine outweigh any risks. The efficacy of atomoxetine has been verified in a double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled trial with 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either atomoxetine at a daily dose 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine and placebo groups, symptoms of depression were reduced. The atomoxetine treatment group had more improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was not as dramatic (Michelson et al 2001). In a different open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who failed to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The group receiving atomoxetine had improved ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group, with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version as well as the Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale gaining significant. One patient was unable to continue treatment due to an outbreak of rash. Three patients also reported temporary digestive symptoms, and one reported increased fatigue. Talk to your doctor prior to you begin treatment with atomoxetine. Discuss your medical history, including any medications or supplements you take. This includes herbal remedies and over-the-counter medications. It is especially important to tell your doctor if there is narrow-angle glaucoma, thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor or high blood pressure, heart disease or a history of sudden death. Also, avoid atomoxetine if taken an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid linezolid, methylene blue injection rasagiline or phenelzine, as well as tranylcypromine in the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion is a non-stimulant medication that can help improve symptoms of ADHD. It also helps to reduce impulsivity and increase focus, though it doesn't affect the brain in the same way as stimulants. It's only available with a prescription. Your doctor will decide the most effective dosage for you. Bupropion comes in tablets as well as extended-release capsules. It is essential to follow the instructions. If you stop taking it abruptly you may experience withdrawal symptoms. It's usually taken twice or three times a day with a gap of 4-6 hours between each dose. The dose can vary between 100mg and three times per day up to 150mg three or four time every day. The drug is absorbed into the digestive tract, and then eliminated into urine, meaning it can't enter breast milk. It can, however, enter the bloodstream and cause damage to other organs. Bupropion can raise blood pressure, which is why it's vital to monitor it regularly. In addition to helping improve the symptoms of ADHD, bupropion can also reduce depression. It can also treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors inside your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine from reaching your brain, which can help stabilize mood. Bupropion may interact with other medications, so it's important to inform your doctor of any other medications you're taking. It is important to inform your doctor know if are suffering from any allergies. You should also avoid caffeine or other stimulants, which can make the side effects more severe. Several studies have compared bupropion with placebos in adults with ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed and the majority of them were poorly conducted. Many of these studies excluded participants with psychiatric co-morbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion has a modest effect on ADHD. However there is a need for more research to determine positive patient-centered outcomes such as improvements in quality of life. Furthermore, a more precise understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is needed before effective treatment can be developed. This requires a deeper understanding of the interplay between the molecular pathways. Additionally, it's important to understand how different anti-ADHD agents work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed to children suffering from ADHD do not work or cause adverse side effects, the doctor may turn to antidepressants as a treatment. These medications, including imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), are effective in boosting the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which aid in concentration. These are old drugs that can have challenging adverse reactions, and are typically only considered when other drugs have failed. The first choice of antidepressant for depression is usually a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants that have been in use for a long time, can be used in some cases. They also work in reducing neuropathic pain. They also have an additional pain-relieving effect that is distinct from their antidepressant activity. They potentiate the noradrenephrine receptor through blocking its reuptake, and they also function as descending modulators for pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs are less toxic and have fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also safer during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic for animals or humans. But they can have significant withdrawal symptoms if they are stopped abruptly. To minimize these adverse effects, your physician may suggest reducing your dose gradually over a period of time. Bupropion, an antidepressant commonly prescribed off-label to treat ADHD but isn't FDA approved as a drug for adhd. It is believed to work by increasing neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which enhances concentration. It is also believed to ease anxiety and can be utilized in conjunction with stimulants to achieve more rapid and sustained results. Although there aren't any other FDA-approved nonstimulant medications for ADHD however, many people find relief with the use of supplements to their diets and herbs. medications for adhd on fat and sugar may help to reduce ADHD symptoms. Certain people can also benefit from staying clear of caffeine. Discuss with your doctor any medications you or your child take, including herbal remedies and prescription medications. This will minimize unwanted side effects as well as prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect everyone differently, and it's often an exercise of trial and error to find the appropriate dosage and medication for your child or you.